For all three countries combined, 512 questionnaires were answered by both adolescents (aged 11-13 and 14-16 years) and their parents. The Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) measuring points were in October 2020 and May 2021, characterized by high mortality rates and strict restrictions in Europe. Moreover, the study addresses the impact of adolescents’ social emotional learning on changes in their resilience and behavioral problems over the course of seven months of the pandemic. The present study aims to analyze longitudinal changes in adolescents’ social emotional skills, resilience, and behavioral problems. The consequences of long-lasting restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic have become a topical question in the latest research. Based on the findings, the IAS-15 is a valid and reliable psychometric instrument to assess Instagram addiction among Italian adults. Additionally, Instagram addiction was positively associated with social phobia, depression, anxiety, stress, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, and internet use disorder while being negatively associated with age, perceived quality of life, and quality of sleep. Furthermore, the scale showed good internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original two-factor solution. In the present study, the IAS-15 was translated into Italian, and its reliability and validity were tested among 398 Italians (101 males, 297 females) aged 18 to 78 years (mean age M=37 years SD=11). The IAS-15 comprises two subscales assessing social effect and compulsion.

One recently developed tool is the 15-item Instagram Addiction Scale (IAS-15). The problematic use of Instagram in the form of addiction has gained increasing credibility and attention in recent years, leading to the development of several psychometric instruments to assess the behavior.

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